Abstract:
This study presents a comprehensive model and analysis of bio-convective heat transfer within an inclined square cavity containing oxytactic microorganisms. Utilizing the Darcy–Boussinesq framework, coupled governing equations for momentum, energy, and microbial transport were developed and numerically solved using the finite element method (FEM). The findings indicate that the inclination angle of the cavity significantly influences the heat transfer characteristics and convective patterns, as quantified by the Nusselt number and the microbial distribution profile. The analysis identified critical inclination thresholds that optimize bio-convective heat transfer efficiency. This study determined the optimal tilt angle for enhancing heat transfer without disrupting the microorganism distribution. These findings provide fundamental insights into the interplay between geometric orientation and microbe-enhanced thermal transport, with implications for bio-thermal systems. Bioconvection within confined porous media reveals mechanisms that can enhance processes in industrial and biological applications.
