FFF 3D printing technology algorithms: problems and review

E. A. Yunusov^ab, D. V. Gorbunov<sup>cb

a</sup> PJSC Surgutneftegaz, PM SurgutASUneft, Surgut, Russian Federation
^b Surgut State University, Surgut, Russian Federation
^c Surgut Branch of Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Surgut, Russian Federation

Abstract: We examined existing algorithms for preparing models for 3D printing and provided an overview of the key software tools used in this process. We also explored the potential of printing with unconventional materials, such as chocolate. Using one of the programs as a case study, we analysed model preparation algorithms and categorised them based on their functions. In addition, we reviewed common industry practices and discussed promising developments and solutions at various stages of the workflow. We proposed and described methods for testing printed models to evaluate the performance of new algorithms. Furthermore, we assessed the pace of algorithm development and identified key barriers to progress in 3D printing, including commercial restrictions and the lack of publicly available research due to closed-source development. Based on our review, we conclude that improving algorithms for model preparation can enhance the quality of printed products without significantly increasing production costs.

Keywords: 3D printing, printing algorithms, filling algorithm, slicer.