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Physical aspects of cryobiology

A. I. Zhmakin

Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Abstract: Physical phenomena during biological freezing and thawing processes at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels are examined. The basics of cryosurgery and cryopreservation of cells and tissues are presented. Existing cryobiological models, including numerical ones, are reviewed.

PACS: 44.05.+e, 81.10.-h, 87.15.Aa, 87.54.Br

Received: August 1, 2007
Revised: October 12, 2007

DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0178.200803b.0243

 English version: Physics–Uspekhi, 2008, 51:3, 231–252

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