This article is cited in 62 papers

REVIEWS OF TOPICAL PROBLEMS

Intense ion beams for generating extreme states of matter

V. E. Fortov^a, D. Hoffmann^b, B. Yu. Sharkov<sup>c

a</sup> Institute of Thermophysics of Extreme States, Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences
^b Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, Deutschland
^c Russian Federation State Scientific Center "A. I. Alikhanov Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics"

Abstract: This paper reviews the basic ideas as well as the latest experimental results obtained in the rapidly emerging field that studies macroscopic thermodynamic parameters and collective phenomena occurring due to exposure of matter to an intense ion beam. Beams of accelerated heavy ions as а tool to produce extreme states of matter under reproducible experimental conditions have attracted the attention of scientists from around the world. This is largely due to the fact that an ion beam releases its energy into the volume of matter. Importantly, relativistic colliders, being unique tools for probing extreme states of matter, have opened up new possibilities for producing various states of matter, including those exhibiting exotic sets of thermodynamic parameters. The problems addressed by experiments in the field are of fundamental nature and deal with equations of states of supercompressed matter, plasma phase transitions, critical points of metals, anomalous conductivity, noncongruent phase transformations, and atomic physics with strong interparticle interactions.

PACS: 28.52.Cx, 52.59.-f, 64.10.+h, 87.53.-j

Received: June 25, 2007

DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0178.200802a.0113

 English version: Physics–Uspekhi, 2008, 51:2, 109–131

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