Abstract:
Phase formation and surface hardening in the 100-nm-thick Al(film)/Ti(substrate) system under conditions of pulsed electron-beam melting ($\sim$15 keV, $\sim$3 $\mu$s, 3–4 J/cm$^2$) have been studied depending on the number of film deposition-melting cycles. Using this method, submicrocrystalline and nanocrystalline surface alloys with thicknesses $\ge$ 3 $\mu$m based on Ti$_3$Al and TiAl intermetallics have been obtained on the titanium substrate.