Abstract:
Silicide formation in thin Cu films subjected to thermal annealing has been investigated by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It is shown that the periodic stress distribution at the film/barrier interface under elevated temperatures can govern the character of copper silicide formation. The effect of barrier layer material and substrate orientation on the distribution density and shape of Cu$_3$Si crystallites has been studied.