Automation and control of technological processes and productions

Bioengineered brain-computer interfaces: an introductory overview of technologies, clinical applications and ethical-legal challenges

A. U. Zammoev, R. N. Abutalipov

Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Balkarov street, Nalchik, 360010, Russia

Abstract: Bioengineered brain-computer interfaces (BBCIs) constitute a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary field at the intersection of neuroscience, bioengineering, materials science, and artificial intelligence. This introductory overview provides a concise synthesis of the current state of research across key domains: invasive, minimally invasive, and non-invasive platforms; emerging technologies (biohybrid interfaces, nanowire probes, in vitro neuromuscular models); clinical applications in neurorehabilitation and communication; and ethical-legal challenges – from neuroprivacy to cognitive rights. Special attention is given to regional development strategies, including the human-centered approach of the Russian scientific community. The review does not claim to offer a comprehensive analysis but aims to delineate conceptual boundaries and establish an informational foundation for forthcoming thematic publications focused on in-depth comparative assessments, regulatory modeling, and strategic priorities for clinical translation of BBCIs.

Keywords: bioengineered brain-computer interfaces (BBCIs), invasive interfaces, neurorehabilitation, biohybrid interfaces, ethical and legal aspects, cognitive rights

UDC: 004.5;004.89;612.821:681.5;615.477;681.327

MSC: Primary 68T07; Secondary 92C55, 92C50, 62P10

Received: 02.09.2025
Revised: 26.09.2025
Accepted: 06.10.2025

DOI: 10.35330/1991-6639-2025-27-5-125-142

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