CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

Monte Carlo simulation of high-energy particle transport in hybrid perovskites doped with europium

I. E. Novoselov^a, I. S. Zhidkov<sup>ba

a</sup> Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
^b Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the RAS

Abstract: The work studies the interaction of accelerated electrons, protons, and neutrons with the double-cation hybrid perovskite CsFAPbI$_3$, containing partial substitution of lead with Eu. Using the GEANT4 package, particle transport and energy release distribution were simulated in $1$ cm thick samples. It is shown that electrons with an energy of $10$ MeV and protons with an energy of $18$ MeV are completely decelerated in the material, forming pronounced areas of absorbed energy, while $5$ MeV neutrons show weak interaction with the sample. A change in Eu concentration in the range of $1$–$10\%$ does not significantly affect the macroscopic characteristics of the processes. The obtained results provide an evaluation of the distribution and magnitude of energy losses.

Keywords: hybrid halide perovskites, Monte Carlo modelling, GEANT4, radiation-matter interaction, partial cation substitution.

Received: 02.12.2025
Revised: 17.12.2025
Accepted: 08.12.2025

DOI: 10.60797/IRJ.2025.162.76