Model development for performance of transmission scheduling in 5G New Radio networks under signaling and user traffic constraints

E. S. Sopin^ab, A. I. Nazarin^a, S. Ya. Shorgin<sup>b

a</sup> Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
^b Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 44-2 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119133, Russian Federation

Abstract: The goal of the study is to analyze the trade-off between Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) resources in 5G NR (New Radio) as the number of subscribers increases. Using stochastic geometry and probability theory methods, the models for Primary Resource Block (PRB) assignment strategies were developed. Subsequently, by applying queueing theory, a model jointly considering subscriber demands for both channels was formulated. Numerical results indicate that with nonsequential PRB assignment, the PDCCH size becomes the bottleneck, while with sequential assignment, a lack of PDCCH resources leads to missed scheduling opportunities. Nonsequential resource assignment potentially allows for increased PDSCH utilization but requires careful tuning of the PDCCH and PDSCH resource ratio. The proposed model enables determining the volume of resources allocated for PDCCH/PDSCH based on user needs, minimizing missed scheduling opportunities and maximizing resource utilization. The numerical investigation revealed that sequential resource assignment in the PDSCH channel leads to a significant degradation in system performance. Furthermore, for effective utilization of the nonsequential resource assignment method, dynamic adjustment of the resources allocated to the PDCCH is required.

Keywords: 5G, millimeter wave, scheduling, resource loss system.

Received: 30.06.2025
Accepted: 15.08.2025

DOI: 10.14357/19922264250306