MATHEMATICAL AND SOFTWARE OF COMPUTЕRS, COMPLEXES AND COMPUTER NETWORKS

Hybrid blockchain with dynamic smart contracts for automation of logistics and customs processes

I. R. Solokhov^a, R. Z. Khayrullin^abc, G. I. Afanasyev<sup>a

a</sup> Bauman Moscow State Technical University
^b Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University)
^c Main Scientific Metrology Center of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Abstract: The aim of the study is to develop a hybrid blockchain architecture to overcome the key problems of logistics supply chains: low transparency, insufficient data security and a high share of manual document flow. The work applies methods of system analysis of existing blockchain platforms (IBM Food Trust, TradeLens, VeChain), assessment of their architectural features and limitations, as well as design of a hybrid model based on Hyperledger Fabric with dynamic smart contracts. The results: the proposed multi-level architecture combining private channels for confidential data and a public ledger for verification of key events; a module for dynamic generation of smart contracts, reducing development time by 40%; scenarios for automation of logistics processes (document flow, customs clearance, SLA management), ensuring a reduction in operating costs by 30–50% and acceleration of transaction processing up to 320 TPS. In conclusion, recommendations for integration with IoT and regulatory systems, as well as directions for further research in the field of data privacy are formulated.

Keywords: hybrid blockchain, logistics, smart contracts, Hyperledger Fabric, supply chain transparency, data security.

UDC: 519.8