Abstract:
The chemistry in nanoreactors and nanometallurgy are presented as redox synthesis of metal clusters (nanoparticles) in nanoreactors of polymeric matrices. To our mind the formation of metal/carbon nanocomposites within nanoreactors of polymeric matrices may be similar to the photography processes. At the beginning, when metal containing phase is mixed up with polymeric phase, the nanoreactor within polymeric matrix is filled by metal clusters of metal containing phase. The process is accompanied with cluster coordination on active centres of nanoreactor walls. It's photography process. Then during process of xerogels formation the development flows. And then at the heating of obtained product the fixation occurs. This picture of the nanostructures formation. Now the active chemical metal containing particle is taken root in the free nanosized hollow of polymeric matrices. It coordinates with functional groups of nanoreactor walls and loses the ability to diffusion and rotation. This muddled particle can be characterized by vibration motion, and also electron motion including the transport electrons across it. However, if the electro transport across our particle (cluster) will be carried out, the redox reactions will be stimulated and the metal reduction will be occurred. This process is direct and lead to self organization which may be observed at AFM investigations. For the further stimulation of metal/carbon nanocomposites formation process it is necessary the regular regime of unfinished product heating. Consequently, the redox synthesis of metal/carbon nanocomposites can be explained by basic principles of Mesoscopic Physics. The investigation of redox synthesis of metal/carbon nanocomposites in nanoreactors of polymeric matrices is realized in three stages:
The computational designing of nanoreactors filled by metal containing phase and quantum chemical modeling of processes within nanoreactors.
The experimental designing and nanorectors filling by metal containing phase with using two methods:
The mixing of salt solution with the solution of functional polymer, for example, polyvinyl alcohol solution (method 2.1).
The common degenaration of polymeric phase with metal containing phase (metal oxides) in active medium, for example, water (method 2.2).
The properly redox synthesis of Metal/Carbon nanocomposites in nanoreactors of polymeric matrices (obtained xerogels) at narrow temperature intervals.
The first and second stages concern to preperatiory stages. On the second stage the functional groups in nanoreactor walls participate in coordination reactions with metal ions (2.1 method) or with the clusters of metal containing phase (2.2 method).
Thus, at the metal/carbon nanocomposites obtaining there are following processes: the coordination reactions, the redox reactions and certainly the self organization processes.
The proposed method advantages are discussed including the possibility of its application for nanometallurgy, for example, the metallurgical dust utilization. The first stage of process, which is concluded in the mixing of metal containing phase with polymer containing phase, can be used for the metal containing phase content analysis. In paper the investigation examples of following fine dispersed powders: metallurgical dust, ores powders, metallurgical cakes, - are adduced.
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