Abstract:
A semigroup variety is said to be of index $\leqslant2$ if all nil-semigroups of the variety are semigroups with zero multiplication. We describe all semigroup varieties $\mathcal V$ of index $\leqslant2$ on free objects of which every two fully invariant congruences contained in the least semilattice congruence are weakly permutable, and semigroup varieties of index $\leqslant2$ all of whose subvarieties share the above-mentioned property.